Social Security in Japan: A Guide for Foreigners

This article describes the social security system in Japan.

The social insurance system is complex, so only the minimum necessary information is presented.

This information will be useful for both those who want to work in Japan and those who are already working in Japan.

*Based on information as of March 2024.

About Japan's Social Security System

Social security is a system designed to support people's lives. All residents of Japan, including foreigners, are eligible for this system.

Japan's social security system consists of four main components:

1. Social Insurance :This system provides financial support and services when life becomes unstable due to injury, illness, unemployment, childbirth, and other events.
2. Social Welfare: Social welfare ensures that the elderly, people with disabilities, and single-parent households can live with peace of mind. Services include daycare centers, nursing homes, and child allowances.
3. Public Assistance: Public assistance supports people who are unable to make ends meet due to various reasons.
4. Health Care and Public Health: These systems aim to prevent disease, ensure food safety, and maintain people's health through health checkups and vaccinations.

(Source: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare "What is Social Security?")

Learn More About Social Insurance

Among the social security systems, "Social Insurance" is one that foreigners often encounter while living in Japan. All residents in Japan are required to join the social insurance system and pay premiums.

Medical Insurance 

Medical insurance covers illness and injury. Employees of companies are enrolled in a "Health Insurance" plan, with premiums deducted from their monthly wages. The company pays half of the premium.

Those who do not work for a company are enrolled in the government's "National Health Insurance" program and pay all insurance premiums themselves. International students living in Japan also enroll in the National Health Insurance system.

Labor Insurance 

Labor insurance includes "Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance" and "Employment Insurance." This insurance provides coverage for work-related illness, injury, and unemployment. This essential system for people working in Japan will be explained in detail later.

Annuity Insurance 

Annuity insurance provides financial support for old age or disability. Most company employees are enrolled in the "Employees' Pension Plan," with premiums deducted from their salary. The company pays half of the premium. Those who do not work for a company are enrolled in the government's "National Pension Plan" and pay all insurance premiums.

Nursing Care Insurance 

Long-term care insurance covers the need for long-term care as people grow older. At age 40, everyone must purchase long-term care insurance. Services are available for those aged 65 and older when long-term care becomes necessary.

(Source: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare "What is Social Security?")

Workers' Compensation Insurance and Unemployment Insurance

Labor insurance, which includes workers' accident compensation insurance and unemployment insurance, is important for those working in Japan. Foreign nationals should familiarize themselves with this system.

Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance 

This insurance covers medical expenses and salary during absence from work if an employee is injured or becomes ill on the job or while commuting. All employees, regardless of their employment status, are eligible. The company pays the insurance premiums.

Employment Insurance 

Employment insurance helps stabilize the lives of those who have lost their jobs or find it difficult to continue working. It provides financial support to help them find new employment. Premiums are paid by both the company and the employee. The employee's portion is deducted from their salary and paid on their behalf by the company.　

(Source: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare "What is Social Security?")

Support Services Available to Foreigners

If you need help or have any questions, use the following services:

And Lastly

Do you understand Japan's social security system? You may feel that Japan has many complex systems and structures. However, with a good understanding and correct use, you will be able to lead a stable life. If you have any questions or problems, take advantage of support services for foreigners.